安全制動器安全制動器

制(zhi)動(dong)器是(shi)利用(yong)(yong)磨(mo)擦原理(li)來實現機(ji)構(gou)(gou)制(zhi)動(dong)的。制(zhi)動(dong)器的磨(mo)擦零件以一定的作用(yong)(yong)力壓緊機(ji)構(gou)(gou)中某一根(gen)上的制(zhi)動(dong)輪(lun)，產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)制(zhi)動(dong)力矩(ju)，利用(yong)(yong)這個制(zhi)動(dong)力矩(ju)，使物(wu)體質量和(he)慣(guan)性(xing)力產(chan)生(sheng)(sheng)的力矩(ju)減(jian)小，直至兩個力矩(ju)平(ping)衡，達到調速或(huo)制(zhi)動(dong)的要求。起重機(ji)所用(yong)(yong)的制(zhi)動(dong)器是(shi)多(duo)種多(duo)樣(yang)的。按結構(gou)(gou)特性(xing)可分為：塊式(shi)、帶式(shi)和(he)盤式(shi)三種，其中塊式(shi)用(yong)(yong)得0多(duo)。塊式的按工作狀態。

可分為常(chang)(chang)(chang)閉式(shi)(shi)和常(chang)(chang)(chang)開式(shi)(shi)兩種(zhong)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)閉式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)器經(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)處于(yu)合閘(zha)狀態，當機(ji)構工作時，可用(yong)電磁鐵或電力液壓推桿器等(deng)外力的(de)(de)作用(yong)使之松閘(zha)。常(chang)(chang)(chang)開式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)器與(yu)之相(xiang)反，它經(jing)常(chang)(chang)(chang)處于(yu)松閘(zha)狀態，只(zhi)有施加外力時，才(cai)能使它合閘(zha)。從(cong)工作安全出(chu)發，起重(zhong)機(ji)的(de)(de)各工作機(ji)構都應(ying)采用(yong)常(chang)(chang)(chang)閉式(shi)(shi)制(zhi)動(dong)器。從(cong)工作狀態來看，0選(xuan)常閉(bi)式，只有通(tong)電時才(cai)能松(song)開工作，以免突然斷電重物(wu)自(zi)由下滑傷人。

制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)的(de)類型與結(jie)構(gou)橋式(shi)起重機的(de)常(chang)用的(de)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)有(you)：短(duan)(duan)行程(cheng)電子塊(kuai)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、長行程(cheng)瓦式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)壓推桿瓦式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)、液(ye)(ye)壓電磁(ci)瓦塊(kuai)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)等。塊(kuai)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)①短(duan)(duan)行程(cheng)電子塊(kuai)式(shi)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)：短(duan)(duan)行程(cheng)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)器(qi)(qi)結(jie)構(gou)簡單、質量輕、制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)快。缺點是沖擊和噪聲壽命短(duan)(duan)，制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)(dong)力矩小，有(you)時(shi)(shi)有(you)剩磁(ci)現象，只適用于起升機構(gou)，無防(fang)爆型要用直流電源時(shi)(shi)需要更換電磁(ci)鐵。

長行程塊式制(zhi)動器：這種制(zhi)動器的優點是行程可以獲得較0的(de)制動(dong)力(li)矩，制動(dong)快，很少有剩(sheng)磁(ci)現象，比(bi)較(jiao)安全。缺點是沖擊(ji)和噪(zao)聲較(jiao)壽命不夠長，構(gou)件多且(qie)復雜，體積和質量(liang)效率低(di)，只適用于(yu)起升機構(gou)。電(dian)力(li)液壓塊式制動(dong)器：用液壓電(dian)磁(ci)塊替代長行(xing)程塊式制動(dong)器電(dian)磁(ci)鐵，有YWZ（液壓(ya)推桿）和YDWZ（液壓電磁鐵(tie)）兩種(zhong)。YWZ型制(zhi)動(dong)平穩。

無噪聲、體積(ji)小，用(yong)于運(yun)行(xing)機構和(he)回轉機構較(jiao)好(hao)。因其制停動作較(jiao)慢，不(bu)適宜起升機構使用(yong)，以(yi)防溜鉤(gou)。YDWZ型(xing)各種(zhong)性能都較好，而且不(bu)需經(jing)常調整，只(zhi)需直流(liu)電源即可。帶式制動(dong)器：在外(wai)形尺寸受0制，制動轉(zhuan)矩要(yao)求很0的(de)場合，